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近一个世纪,随着金融衍生物的发展,经济变得越来越不显然。随之而来的是服务业的发达。大部分人不再从事生产,因此以原材料定价不再能满足社会发展的需要。从这个意义上来说,将货币重新和一篮子货品挂钩是不可能的了。二十世纪将信用货币和原材料脱钩也是为了满足社会缓慢通胀的需要。
从这个角度,信用货币是保证财产分配的工具。大萧条时期的事实说明,在不通胀的社会中,货币集中在少数人手中会导致大多数人不再拥有用于分配资源的工具。由于货币发行量的增大,一些奇奇怪怪的概念开始出现。比如奢侈品、金融衍生物和金融衍生物交易市场。
上面的一段阐释是为了说明昨天某人给我的启发。如果单纯从货币和金融市场来考虑整个经济形式,就会陷入无穷无尽的细节之中。然而,跳出这一切的迷雾,从单纯的生产和需求关系来看,才能明确整个社会的宏观形式。
整个现代经济,都是为了解决生产过剩的情况下的分配问题。即使现在大陆有1/3还要强的制造厂已经倒闭,但是就整个社会而言,生产仍然过剩。多年来,解决生产过剩的方法就是发行大量货币和创造虚拟岗位,使得所有人能够过度消费。现代人类的大部分需求是被创造出来的,其根本就是解决生产过剩问题。
在这种生产过剩的情形下,人们甚至发明了次级贷款债券这种高级工具让没钱买房的人能够消费房产。
但是,讨论这一切,深入种种泡沫的细节已经不再重要了。如果一种分配方式出了问题,那么自然会或者过渡或者改革到一种新的分配方式,但是最终的目的都是一致的,保证大多数人的生存。
我无意讨论这种演进的终点,但是另一点更让人感兴趣,从这个角度而言,人口红利就不再是一个经济学的衍生词,而变成了经济的主题。因此,中国经济的奇迹不是大家所吹捧的县级竞争,更不是政府效率,而就是人口密集型产业。如果你拥有人口,那么为了这些人口的生存,就有了推翻所有制度的可能。
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