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The China Dream这本书是在飞机上看完的。在3月中旬去加州的10个小时中读了100多页,觉得很震惊,很好。在5月份回家的时候读完了,把评级默默地从5星改到了4星。任何事情都是以结论为王道的,2000年出版的书,预言中国的债务危机即将导致全面崩溃,失误了,那么有必要重新审视整个的分析过程。
不要误解。作者的思路和参考资料都很齐全的列在了书里:100多年前的鸦片战争,著名的《4万万消费者》一书(让我想起了前两年很火的《10亿消费者》),以及土地改革,改革开放和90年代的通货膨胀。Joe Studwell逻辑清楚地列出了他认为中国市场不被看好的原因,包括官僚的社会主义式国有资本,未富先衰,透支国民存款,无商业信用可言。书中有一个很有意思的例子,当年李鸿章率团出访,下了不少的订单,可是后来有的减量,有的都直接取消掉了。而在90年代,德国、英国和美国的商贸团来,也签了不少的订单,最后大部分却没有进展。
站在2000年的门槛上,这会是一本5星的书,他抓住了中国经济发展的实情,即:国有资本发展不善却垄断了银行贷款和政府支持;重商主义和随之而来的准入制给跨国企业的盈利制造了重重障碍;行政成本,尤其是不明确的受贿成本阻碍了私有经济的发展;外向型出口加工企业是中国唯一的经济发动机。然而,已经到了2010年,中国经济并没有崩溃。而在2005年的后注中,Joe Studwell也发现了这一奇特的现象。那么,到底是什么地方错了?或者,为什么这个梦会这么长?Joe Studwell的二元中国经济论的补充(即中国由国有资本经济和外向型出口经济两大部分组成),无法解答国有资本经济,在2000年以后,突然好转的原因。难道真的是“抓大放小“起了作用么?时至今日,官僚国有资本仍然有效地不断挤压私有资本的空间,看起来也不坏。而Joe只能无可奈何地说,中国政府欺骗了他的人民。
我最近考虑的问题是,Joe Studwell难能可贵地发现了实情,却没有发掘出实质。会不会,二元化的中国才是这一长达10年20年的崩溃延迟的主要原因。即,通过城市,特 别是沿海城市不断对农村的掠夺式发展,使得大量的劳动力和自然资源流入城市经济,而把污染代价留给农村。然而,这一观点如此笼统,如何推理和论证仍然显得困难重重。
然而,是梦必然会醒,中国梦太长了,离醒也已经不远了。
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